Abstract
Vitamin D sufficiency is required for optimal health. It is now thought that vitamin D reduce the risk of 17 types of cancer (bladder, breast, colon, esophageal, gastric, ovarian, prostate, rectal, renal, uterine , NHL, cervical, gall bladder, laryngeal, oral, pancreatic and Hodgkinʼs lymphoma). There are good reasons that vitamin D sufficiency be maintained during all stages of life, from fetal development to old age. In the absence of adequate solar UVB irradiation due to season, latitude, or lifestyle, vitamin D can be obtained from fortified food, oily fish, vitamin D supplements, and artificial sources of UVB radiation Reference http://www.altmedrev.com/publications/10/2/94.pdf
“A research team looked at 77 studies addressing this connection and found some exciting results. They concluded that high Vitamin D levels may be associated with a lower death rate in patients with breast cancer. In one particular study, .breast cancer patients with the highest Vitamin D levels had a 44% lower death rate compared to patients with low levels Numerous observational studies have shown lower levels of Vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, depression, obesity, breast and colon cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and viral infections including the common cold.”
Women with evidence of high intake ratios of the marine omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) relative to the omega-6 arachidonic acid have been found to have a reduced risk of breast cancer compared with those with low ratios in some but not all case-control and cohort studies. If increasing EPA and DHA relative to arachidonic acid is effective in reducing breast cancer risk, likely mechanisms include reduction in proinflammatory lipid derivatives, inhibition of nuclear factor-κB-induced cytokine production, and decreased growth factor receptor signaling as a result of alteration in membrane lipid rafts. Primary prevention trials with either risk biomarkers or cancer incidence as endpoints are underway but final results of these trials are currently unavailable. EPA and DHA supplementation is also being explored in an effort to help prevent or alleviate common problems after a breast cancer diagnosis, including cardiac and cognitive dysfunction and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. The insulin-sensitizing and anabolic properties of EPA and DHA also suggest supplementation studies to determine whether these omega-3 fatty acids might reduce chemotherapy-associated loss of muscle mass and weight gain. We will briefly review relevant omega-3 fatty acid metabolism, and early investigations in breast cancer prevention and survivorship
Referencehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25936773
AbstractPatients with breast cancer (BCa) frequently have preexisting vitamin D deficiency (low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) when their cancer develops. A number of epidemiological studies show an inverse association between BCa risk and vitamin D status in humans, although some studies have failed to find an association. In addition, several studies have reported that BCa patients with vitamin D deficiency have a more aggressive molecular phenotype and worse prognostic indicators. However, it is unknown whether this association is mechanistically causative and, if so, whether it results from systemic or tumor autonomous effects of vitamin D signaling. We found that ablation of vitamin D receptor expression within BCa cells accelerates primary tumor growth and enables the development of metastases, demonstrating a tumor autonomous effect of vitamin D signaling to suppress BCa metastases. We show that vitamin D signaling inhibits the expression of the tumor progression gene Id1, and this pathway is abrogated in vitamin D deficiency in vivo in 2 murine models of BCa. These findings are relevant to humans, because we discovered that the mechanism of VDR regulation of Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) is conserved in human BCa cells, and there is a negative correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the level of ID1 in primary tumors from patients with Bca
Referenceshttp://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/en.2015-2036
“The data derived from epidemiological and animal models confirm a beneficial effect of fish oil (rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) in the amelioration of tumor growth and progression, including breast cancer. The breast cancer patients often develop bone metastasis evidenced by osteolytic lesions, leading to severe pain and bone fracture.”
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